Cholestasis: Diagnostic Approaches, Mouse Models, and Management Strategies

Cholestasis is a complicated liver disorder characterized by reduced bile flow, resulting in the buildup of bile acids and a subsequent liver damage. This condition presents substantial challenges to liver function, resulting in impaired bile acid detoxification, disrupted lipid metabolism, and altered homeostatic processes. Precise diagnosis is critical for distinguishing between intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis, as each form has distinct underlying causes and requires different treatment strategies. Advancements in diagnosis methods, including biochemical markers and genetic testing, have enhanced the early detection of the disorder. Mouse models are crucial for understanding the underlying pathophysiology of cholestasis and assessing novel therapeutic treatments. Models of various forms of cholestasis are available providing a valuable platform for studying the disease mechanism and its treatment approaches. Management of cholestasis focuses mainly on symptoms relief, ceasing complications, and targeting the underlying causes. The aim of the current review is to provide an overview on the diagnostic approaches, commonly used mouse models, and therapeutic approaches used for cholestasis.