The Protective Effects of Curcumin, Black Pepper and Cumin On Liver and Renal Functions in Association to Gut Microbiota Among Overweight Animal Models

The current study aimed to measure the protective effect of spicy foods; Curcumin (Cur), Black Pepper (BP), Cumin (Cu) for liver and kidney functions in association to colonic-gut-microbiota (GM) compositions among overweight animal models. Ten Albino rats groups casually used (n=70): nine obese and control negative group; C-ve). Overweight group fed Orlistat as control positive group (H3; C+ve) while eight obese-groups fed Cur/BP/Cu mixtures or alone in different levels targeting GM compositions (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Clostridium, and total bacteria) within collected feacal samples (0, 14 and 28 day) by flournace in suit hypridization (FISH). Liver and kidney functions indicated in collected serum by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) with urea, uric acid and creatinin additionally to kidney and liver histopathology analysis. Data presented that ALT and AST levels improved significantly (P<0.05) with models fed mixture of Cur/BP/Cu (H10). Also, urea decreased significantly with H9 & H10 fed Cu/Cur and Cur/BP/Cu respectively while creatinine had no significant differences between all groups.Liver samples histopathological revealed focal hepatocellular necrosis and apoptosis in H2, slight cytoplasmic vacuolization of hepatocytes at H3 and H4 while H9 showed focal hepatocellular necrosis associated with mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltration vs. H10 at slight vacuolation of some hepatocytes and slight dilatation of hepatic sinusoids. The kidneys microscopically revealed congestion of renal blood vessel and kidneys sections (H2) and vacuolation of epithelial lining renal tubules sections (H3) while H9 showed necrobiosis of epithelial lining renal tubules and H10 showed no histopathological alterations. Finally, total GM correlated with rat groups fed Cur/BP mixture (H7) nearly same positive control group (H3; C+ve) additionally to different groups arranged H4>H5>H8>H6>H10>H9. Lactobacillus were H4>H3>H7>H8>H5>H6 log10 cells/g fecal samples while Bifidobacterial increased with food consumptions as H4>H3>H9>H7>H10>H8>H6. On the other hand, Clostridium numbers decreased at the end of the experimental as H5>H8>H10>H6>H7>H9>H4>H3. Thus Cur/Bp and Cur/Bp/Cu mixtures have positive effects on counted increased probiotic species (Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus) while Clostridium numbers negatively decreased. In conclusion, the study indication to promote health benefits to be more valuable causing significant liver and kidney function improvements between obese models, however further human studies are required to elucidate novel mechanisms or pathways.