Comparative Study between Portacath Placement in the Central or Peripheral veins for chemotherapy

Background: The conventional approach for central peripheral intravenous catheter [PaC] insertion involves the utilization of a central vein, such as the internal jugular or subclavian vein, often necessitating the administration of a general anesthesia. Aim of the work: To evaluate the safety and convenience of peripherally placed portacath catheters in comparison to central venous catheters for the administration of chemotherapy in cancer patients. Patients and Methods: A study employing a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial included 50 cancer patients at Al-Hussein and Sayed Galal University Hospitals and Menoufia University Hospital, during the period spanning from July 2023 to April 2024. Participants were assigned to one of two groups: Group A consisted of 25 patients who required the insertion of a central vein portacath catheter through the internal jugular veins using a portacath 8:10 f. Group B comprised 25 patients who required the insertion of a peripheral vein Portacath through the basilic veins, utilizing a portacath 3:5 f. Results: Group A and B exhibited a statistically significant disparity in terms of local infection, skin condition, and wound healing outcomes [p<0.05]. All individuals included in the study exhibited normal X-rays and free Doppler evaluations. A substantial statistical difference was seen between Group A and B in terms of hematoma at the axis location and arterial puncture [p-value <0.05]. A statistically significant disparity was seen between Group A and Group B in relation to various dimensions of comfort, anxiety induced by the device, disruption in daily activities, and overall satisfaction score [p<0.05]. Conclusion: The jugular portacath and basilic portacath techniques were both safe and effective for central venous catheterization [CVC] while administering chemotherapy. Furthermore, port catheters offer optimal vascular access for those diagnosed with cancer, hence enhancing their overall quality of life.