The Role of Central Venous Oxygen Saturation as A Predictor of Outcome after Valve Replacement

Background: The nonregenerative valve replacements have been developed to ensure long term functionality upon implantation without possibility of integration, remodeling, or growth. This study aimed to assess the role of central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) as a predictor of outcome after valve replacement. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients who underwent valve replacement. All studied cases underwent history taking and demographic data collection, hemodynamic parameters and routine investigations. Results: There was a statistically significant negative correlation between ScvO2 level on induction and 48h. postoperative with MV duration, while its level on induction only was negatively correlated with ICU length of stay. There was high sensitivity of ScvO2 level in prediction of unfavorable outcome on induction of anesthesia (84.6%) and 48 hours postoperative (74.4%) at cut off < 75.5 & 73.5 respectively, with significant high-test accuracy of 80% and 70% respectively. Conclusion: ScvO2 is a valuable predictor of outcomes in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery. Significant changes in ScvO2 levels over time were strongly associated with ICU length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation, with lower ScvO2 levels on induction and at 48 hours postoperatively correlating with worse outcomes, such as longer ICU stays and prolonged mechanical ventilation. These findings suggest that monitoring ScvO2 could aid in early identification of patients at risk of complications and unfavorable outcomes, potentially guiding more targeted postoperative care.