India-russia relations: a historical and contemporary analysis

India and Russia share a deep-rooted and multi-faceted relationship, which has evolved over several decades. Beginning in the early Cold War era, the relationship has expanded across multiple sectors, including defense, energy, trade, and global diplomacy. This paper provides a detailed exploration of the historical foundations, key milestones, and contemporary challenges that shape India-Russia relations today, with a focus on their strategic, economic, and diplomatic engagements.