Assessment of the Antimicrobial Activities of Lannea microcarpa, Parkia biglobosa, and Vittelaria paradoxa Barks in Burkina Faso

Several plants in Africa, particularly in Burkina Faso, serve as therapeutic healing tools due to their health benefits. Among these plants, we can cite Lannea microcarpa, Parkia biglobosa, and Vittelaria paradoxa; the knowledge of their different therapeutic properties remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to verify in vitro the antimicrobial activity of Lannea microcarpa, Parkia biglobosa, and Vittelaria paradoxa barks on multi-resistant clinical bacteria strains isolated from the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital (CHU-YO) patients in Ouagadougou. A survey was carried out among herbal tea sellers in four markets in Ouagadougou on the use of these plants. Sampling consisted of taking the plant barks and their transformation into extracts by maceration. Microdilution has been used to study the antimicrobial properties of the barks of these plants. The plant extracts were tested on four pathogenic strains: Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus. Vittelaria paradoxa showed more effectiveness on Bacillus cereus than Lannea microcarpa and Parkia biglobosa. For the Escherichia coli strain, the extract of Vittelaria paradoxa had more antimicrobial properties than that of Parkia biglobosa and of Lannea microcarpa. The different extracts had low activity against Staphylococcus aureus and no effect on Salmonella typhi. From this study, we can say that Lannea microcarpa, Parkia biglobosa, and Vittelaria paradoxa extracts have antibacterial activities on pathogenic strains such as Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The Salmonella typhi strain has shown itself to be resistant to these extracts.