Green Synthesis and Optimization of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Aloe Vera Extract for Biomedical Applications

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been attention due to their biocompatibility, mechanical strength, photocatalytic properties, and affordability. In this research, green synthesis and optimization of the synthesis parameters of titanium dioxide nanoparticles by means of aloe vera extract were investigated. The synthesis parameters include the concentration of titanium dioxide precursor, solvent (deionized water), and aloe vera extract. Upon synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, a range of techniques were employed to characterize the resultant structure. These tests include X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, zeta potential, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray energy dispersive analysis. The results showed that the synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles were formed in the crystalline phase of anatase. Also, according to the SEM images, titanium dioxide nanoparticles were spherical in shape with the size range of 31 ± 5 nm. The results of the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy showed that all samples were in the ultraviolet and visible light ranges. The optimal sample of synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles was selected after accomplishment of the characterization tests. Cytotoxicity test was performed on fibroblast cells (L929) for 24 hours to investigate the biological performance of the optimized titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The results revealed the non-cytotoxic nature of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, further confirming their potential for medical applications.