Integrated nutrient management for optimizing yield, quality and nutrient uptake in Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata)

The experiment was conducted at Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra, using a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The results indicated that Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha (M3) significantly improved seed yield (21.15 kg ha-¹) compared to FYM @ 5 t/ha (M2) (19.72 kg ha⁻¹) and control (18.55 kg ha⁻¹). 100% RDF (80:40:50 kg NPK/ha) resulted in the highest seed yield (20.83 kg ha⁻¹) and the highest fresh foliage yield (5619 kg ha⁻¹), followed by 75% RDF (5586 kg ha⁻¹). The highest dry foliage yield (2324 kg ha⁻¹) was recorded under 100% RDF, while the combination of Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha and 75% RDF produced the highest fresh (6540 kg ha⁻¹) and dry (2489 kg ha⁻¹) foliage yields. Nutrient uptake was significantly enhanced with Vermicompost and higher fertilizer doses, leading to increased nitrogen uptake (66.92 kg ha⁻¹), phosphorus uptake (6.57 kg ha⁻¹), and potassium uptake (58.39 kg ha⁻¹). In conclusion, INM using Vermicompost and balanced inorganic fertilizers (75% or 100% RDF) effectively improved Kalmegh’s yield, quality, and bioactive content, supporting sustainable cultivation practices.