Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth & yield contributing characters of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata)

Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata), a significant medicinal plant, is widely recognized for its therapeutic properties, including, immune-stimulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral effects. This study investigated the impact of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of Kalmegh. The experiment was conducted in a factorial randomized block design with three levels of organic manures control (M1), FYM @ 5 t/ha (M2), and vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha (M3) and four inorganic fertilizer levels control (F1), 50% RDF (F2), 75% RDF (F3), and 100% RDF (F4). Results indicated that vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha (M3) and 100% RDF (80:40:50 kg NPK/ha) each demonstrated significantly higher growth and yield parameters, including plant height, number of branches, dry weight, and fresh and dry foliage yield. Vermicompost (M3) provided readily available nutrients and beneficial microorganisms, enhancing soil structure and nutrient uptake, while 100% RDF (F4) delivered optimal nutrient supply for vigorous growth. Interaction effects were non-significant for most parameters, but both treatments independently enhanced seed yield, highlighting their effectiveness in improving vegetative growth and productivity. The findings underscore the importance of integrating organic and inorganic fertilizers for sustainable cultivation of Kalmegh, balancing high yield with ecological sustainability.