Systematic review: Association of cardiovascular health and periodontitis

Periodontitis is a chronic in ammatory disease characterized by the destruction of periodontal tissues, primarily caused by pathogenic bacteria and a dysregulated immune response.Recent research has established a signi cant link between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), highlighting the systemic implications of oral health.This systematic review critically evaluates existing literature on the association between periodontitis and cardiovascular health, focusing on underlying mechanisms, epidemiological evidence, and clinical implications.A comprehensive search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, following PRISMA guidelines, resulting in the inclusion of 25 studies published until October 2024.The ndings reveal that systemic in ammation, driven by periodontal disease, contributes to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, increasing cardiovascular risk.Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies demonstrate a clear association between severe periodontitis and elevated risks of coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and cardiovascular mortality.Additionally, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indicate that periodontal therapy can signi cantly improve systemic in ammatory markers and endothelial function, suggesting potential preventive strategies against CVD.Despite these insights, further research is necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved and to assess the long-term bene ts of periodontal interventions on cardiovascular outcomes.Collaborative care models between dental and medical professionals are recommended to optimize patient management, ultimately improving both oral and cardiovascular health.