History and Evolution of the Folk Tale Genre Through the Prism of Reflection of the World of the People

A fairy tale, as one of the folklore genres, is a traditionally orally transmitted work of an artistic nature. She is influenced by a general oral-poetic character, which will determine the collectiv of the author's beginning, the traditionality of the artistic components of the narrative, the typification of all the characters represented in the dynamics of action, and not the dynamics of the psychological development of the image. The «setting on fiction», which is realized in the fantastic elements of the narrative and the displacement of the image plan to the unreal, became specific to the genre itself; the individual inclusion of the author-creator in the selection of those compositional and artistic techniques and methods that are personally sympathetic to him. The amount of fiction in fairy tales depends on the degree of remoteness from reality, which leads to genre differentiation into fairy tales, household and tales of animals. The article proceeds from the fact that the problem of reflecting the popular understanding of the surrounding world in a folk tale still exists in literary studies, and also requires a comprehensive interpretation of textual material. The aspect of social life is reflected in household tales, demonstrating the views of the people on class stratification. The plots are based on the extreme sharpening of conflict situations, exposing the parasitism of the clergy, the exploitative attitude of the nobility in generalized images. In the second type, there are intersperses of household traditions, wedding customs, as well as relationships within the patriarchal family and contradictions in it. Based on the fact that the history of the appearance of fairy tales as a folklore genre originates from mythological views of the world, it becomes possible to create tales of animals. They bear historical evidence of the prevailing totemic and the further decline of mythological consciousness, which reduces the sacred image to an allegorical representation of human character. The fairy tale captures the reinterpretation of rituals unnatural to the folk worldview, reveals the idea of dividing reality into the afterlife and the world of the living.