Transcriptome analysis of cadmium accumulation characteristics and fruit response to cadmium stress in Zunla 1 chili pepper

Through pot experiments and transcriptomic techniques, we investigated the mechanism of Zunla 1 chili pepper’s response to cadmium (Cd) stress. Soil pot experiments involved collecting soil and chili pepper samples to measure Cd content. Transcriptome sequencing analyzed the chili pepper fruit’s transcriptome profile under two Cd levels: 0 μM (control) and 50 μM. Biochemical experiments confirmed that chili pepper is a Cd hyperaccumulator, with leaves being the primary accumulation organs. After 6 hours of treatment, 2451 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with 892 up-regulated and 1559 down-regulated genes. After 12 hours, 3338 DEGs were found, including 1766 up-regulated and 1572 down-regulated genes. GO enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs were mainly involved in catalytic activity, binding, cellular processes, and metabolic pathways. KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment in pathways such as ABC transporters, plant-pathogen interactions, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Notably, transcription factors like ERF, WRKY, and NAC, along with copper transport ATPases, are believed to play crucial roles in the chili pepper’s response to Cd stress.