PREVENÇÃO E MANEJO DO DECLÍNIO COGNITIVO NA POPULAÇÃO IDOSA – UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Population aging has intensified challenges related to elderly health, with cognitive decline being one of the most prevalent and impactful conditions. This review addresses the main strategies for preventing and managing cognitive decline in the elderly, emphasizing evidence-based interventions. Studies show that regular physical activities, such as aerobic exercises and dancing, promote neuroplasticity and preserve cognitive functions. Additionally, balanced diets, notably the Mediterranean diet, exhibit neuroprotective effects. Psychological support, through techniques like mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral therapy, and cognitive stimulation using tools like memory games, complement preventive and therapeutic approaches. However, socioeconomic, cultural, and healthcare access barriers still hinder the widespread implementation of these strategies. Integrated public policies and interdisciplinary programs, aligned with the social determinants of health, are crucial to mitigating the impacts of this condition. This study emphasizes the importance of personalized, accessible, and culturally adapted interventions, highlighting the need for joint efforts among healthcare professionals, policymakers, and society to promote healthy aging and improve quality of life. Overcoming structural barriers and expanding preventive programs are identified as essential pillars to enhance elderly care and reduce the burden of cognitive decline on healthcare systems.