Effect of bifocal soft contact lenses in combination with instillations of the combined drug (Phenylephrine 5% and Tropicamide 0.8%) on the anatomical and functional parameters of the eyes and progression of myopia in pediatric patients

AIM: The study aimed to assess the influence of combined optical and pharmacological effects on the anatomical and functional parameters of the eyes and changes in refraction in pediatric patients with progressive myopia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bifocal soft contact lenses (BSCL) Prima BIO Bifocal were prescribed to 43 pediatric patients. At the start of the study, the average age of the children was 10.42±0.26 years, and the average myopia was 3.43±0.19 D. The effect of a combination of optical and medicinal products on the visual apparatus of children was evaluated, namely, bifocal SCLs that form peripheral myopic defocus and instillations of a combined drug containing 0.8% tropicamide and 5% phenylephrine. The combined eye drops, which contained 0.8% tropicamide and 5% phenylephrine, was prescribed once a day at night for 1 month to 23 pediatric patients after wearing the lenses for 1 month (group 1). In group 2 (n=20), patients did not receive any additional treatment, except for optical exposure. RESULTS: The habitual tone of accommodation (HTA) slightly increased after 1 month of using BSCL. In group 1, the HTA decreased to the initial level after 6 and 12 months, whereas it remained high in group 2. Over the year, refraction increased by 0.39 D in group 1 and 0.18 D in group 2 (p 0.05). The annual progression gradient decreased by 2.3 times in group 1 and 5.2 times in group 2. Over the year, the anteroposterior axis increased by 0.13 mm in group 1 and 0.05 mm in group 2. Choroidal thickness increased by 19.09 and 24.77 µm, relative accommodation reserve increased by 0.98 and 1.24 D, and the accommodation amplitude increased by 1.28 and 1.05 D, respectively. CONCLUSION: BSCLs contribute to the reduction of the annual gradient of progression (AGP) and increase in accommodation and choroidal thickness. Instillations of the drug while using BSCL help reduce the habitual tone of accommodation (HTA).