Insights into the Long-term Flaring Events of Blazar PKS 0805-07: A Multiwavelength Analysis Over the Period of 2009–2023

Abstract We conducted a comprehensive temporal and spectral study of the FSRQ PKS 0805-07 by using broadband observations from the Fermi-LAT and Swift-XRT/UVOT instruments over the period of MJD 54684-60264. The 3 day binned γ -ray light curve during the active state revealed 11 distinct peak structures with the maximum integral flux ( E > 100 MeV) reached (1.56 ± 0.16) × 10 −6 photons cm −2 s −1 on MJD 59904.5. The shortest observed γ -ray variability was 2.80 ± 0.77 days. A correlation analysis between the γ -ray spectral index and flux indicated the typical trend of hardening when the source is brighter, commonly observed in blazars. We identified a lag of 121 (+27.21, −3.51) days in the spectral index relative to the flux, within the time interval MJD 59582 to 60112. The Anderson–Darling test and histogram fit rejected the normality of the γ-ray flux distribution and instead suggested a log-normal distribution. To gain insight into the underlying physical processes, we extracted broadband spectra from different time periods in the light curve. The spectral energy distribution during various flux states was well-reproduced using synchrotron, synchrotron-self-Compton, and external-Compton emissions from a broken power-law electron distribution. The seed photons required for the external Compton process are from the IR region. A comparison of the best-fit physical parameters indicated that the variations in different flux states were primarily associated with an increase in the bulk Lorentz factor and magnetic field from low to high flux states.