Evaluation of Dynamic Properties of Sand Mixed with Expanded Glass Granules by Energy Concept Under Cyclic Torsional Loadings

In recent years, lightweight materials have gained attention for their numerous benefits, including cost reduction, insulation, and bearing capacity. Expanded glass granules (EGG) stand out among these materials, showing significant potential in geotechnical engineering applications. This study examines the potential use and feasibility of a SAND-EGG mixture in geotechnical applications through cyclic torsional shear test for measuring shear strength, modulus reduction, and energy dissipation. This is conducted on the unmixed dry specimens (Reference Sand, EGG) and the mixed dry specimens by mass (1, 2%) and volume (5, 10, 15%) under 100 kPa effective pressure. The test also conducted along 0.02%–0.5% shear strain amplitudes for both samples group. An energy-based approach is used to analyze mixed material's capacity for energy dissipation, a crucial factor in determining seismic resistance during cyclic loading. The impact of employing EGG on modulus reduction behavior was also explored concerning energy dissipation. Considering the results, it is show that the use of EGG increases the resilience with high friction capacity and by taking up a significant portion of the available void ratio and provides lightness in geotechnical applications in examined shear strain amplitude range (0.02%–0.5%).