The national question in the ideology and programs of the National Patriotic parties of Russia in the first half of the 1990s

The aim of the study is to study the national question in the ideology and programs of the national patriotic parties of Russia in the context of their influence on Russian society. The article finds that the first half of the 1990s was characterized by a rapid transition to a multiparty system. As a result, dozens of political parties and movements belonging to completely different ideological poles appeared in the new Russia. At the same time, there was an aggravation of both interethnic contradictions and relations between the federal center and some national republics. The largest conflict of this kind was the Chechen crisis, which ended with a military operation to restore constitutional order in Chechnya in 1994-1996. In the programs of political parties, official statements, and media interviews, it is possible to identify key elements of their ideology and their perception of the interethnic problems in Russia, ways to solve them and the optimal national-state structure of the Russian Federation. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the article presents a comprehensive analysis of the ideological programs of national patriotic parties and their degree of influence on society. As a result, it was found that these political forces, although they were often in the center of media and public attention, did not enjoy significant support from the population, which was noticeable by the results of federal and local elections.