Advancements in Targeted Therapies Based on the EGFR, and KRAS Genetic Mutations in Lung Cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a type of lung cancer, has long been one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally. Advances in understanding the genetic mutations associated with NSCLC, such as EGFR, and KRAS mutations, have led to significant progress in developing treatments tailored to them. However, despite these developments, challenges like drug resistance and variability in patient-specific responses still persist. This paper delves into the current research on genetic mutations in NSCLC, and the effectiveness of related treatments, focusing on the EGFR and KRAS gene mutations. While treatments have improved patient outcomes, they are often limited by various factors such as the development of resistance and off-target effects. This research highlights the importance of personalized treatments and emerging therapies, such as advanced drug delivery systems and new immunotherapies in overcoming these pre-existing limitations. The findings provide insight for future research and the need for continued innovation in treatments. The current unresolved issues such as patient-specific responses, secondary mutations, and the off-target effects suggest that developments in the near future might need to focus on enhancing personalization, the cost, and mechanisms regarding overcoming resistance.