Research Progress on the Intervention Effects of Different Exercise Forms on Risk Factors for Obesity-Related Cardiovascular Diseases

Obesity has become a major global health issue and is an independent risk factor for several cardiovascular risks. Exercise, as a therapeutic method, is commonly used to improve cardiovascular health in obese populations. This paper reviews and analyzes the effects of five different exercise forms on risk factors for obesity-related cardiovascular diseases: Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT), High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), Sprint Interval Training (SIT), aerobic combined with resistance training, and Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFR). The aim is to explore the similarities and differences in health benefits among these exercise forms for individuals with obesity. The review finds that MICT is notably effective in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors and promoting cardiovascular health in obese individuals. In contrast, high-intensity interval exercises such as HIIT and SIT show even more significant improvements in cardiovascular health. This difference may be attributed to varying biological effects caused by different intensity levels and intervals, though the specific mechanisms require further clarification. Since increased skeletal muscle can enhance basal metabolic rate and positively impact the cardiovascular system, resistance training is often recommended in combination with aerobic training for better results. Additionally, BFR can achieve similar training effects under lower exercise loads, providing a safer training option for obese individuals. Future research should focus on the mechanisms by which different exercise forms affect specific cardiovascular disease risk factors and how to optimize exercise programs based on individual differences to enhance personalization and scientific validity of interventions.