Language, Identity, and Belonging: The Challenges of the “Lost Songhays” In Navigating Cultural Expectations

In southern Mali, individuals of mixed Songhay heritage who lack proficiency in their family language are often labeled “Lost Songhays.” This study investigates how these Lost Songhays navigate their cultural identity and the social challenges associated with not speaking Songhay, especially within the dominant Bambara-speaking environment of Bamako. Based on interviews with 46 participants, the findings reveal that while 86% identify strongly as Songhay, their inability to speak the language results in social stigma and feelings of alienation. Participants report a deep sense of regret over not learning Songhay, and they often face community reminders of this gap, which reinforce feelings of exclusion. Despite these challenges, some participants attempt to learn the language, though many lack effective support. These findings suggest a need for Songhay parents in mixed-ethnic households to foster language retention to help future generations maintain their cultural ties.