Molecular Detection of Kinetoplastid Species in Ticks and Fleas Associated with Dogs and Humans in Mexico

The Trypanosomatidae family encompasses around 24 genera of unicellular protozoans, many of which are transmitted by various hematophagous arthropods, particularly members of the Orders Diptera and Hemiptera. Fleas and ticks-an understudied group of ectoparasites-have been shown to be hosts of a wide and crescent variety of trypanosomatid species. Further, fleas and ticks of companion animals have been particularly neglected in trypanosomatid surveillance despite the proximity to human populations and the anthropophagous habits of many of these arthropods, which can potentially act as vectors of zoonotic trypanosomatids. We aimed to identify the presence, characterize the species, and establish the prevalence of Kinetoplastids, including members of the Trypanosomatidae family, in ectoparasites collected from dogs and humans from Mexico. A total of 537 ectoparasite specimens belonging to six ectoparasite taxa (<i>Amblyomma mixtum</i>, <i>A. tenellum</i>, <i>Ctenocephalides felis felis</i>, <i>Pulex simulans</i>, <i>Rhipicephalus linnaei</i>, and <i>Rh. sanguineus</i> s.s.) were collected from 15 States of Mexico. An 800 bp fragment of the 18S-rDNA gene from kinetoplastids was amplified and sequenced. The presence of two agents (<i>Trypanosoma caninum</i> and <i>Parabodo</i> sp.) was detected in <i>R. linnaei</i> ticks and one (<i>Blechomonas lauriereadi</i>) in the cat flea <i>Ct. felis felis</i>. This is the first record of genetic material of kinetoplastid species in ectoparasites from dogs and humans in Mexico.