Does the Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Impact the Survival of Men and Women Equally Compared to General Population? Results from KROK Registry and Polish Central Statistical Office

<b>Objective:</b> The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of coronary bypass surgery (CABG) on long-term mortality, comparing survival rates to those of the general population in Poland. <b>Methods:</b> The study was based on the Polish National Register of Cardiothoracic Surgical Procedures (KROK). Between January 2009 and December 2019, 133,973 patients underwent CABG. The study included all patients who underwent primary CABG. After excluding reoperations and patients with missing key data, there were 132,760 remaining patients who participated in the study. In order to compare patients who underwent CABG with the general population, data from Polish life expectancy tables from the Central Statistical Office (CSO) were used. <b>Results:</b> In the general population (GP), there is a consistent decrease in survival for both women and men throughout the entire observation period. The decline in survivability is more pronounced in the male group. Unlike the CABG group, which is at risk of perioperative mortality, there is no initial drop in survivability in the GP. The early mortality rate in CABG group within 30 days was significantly higher in the group of women than in men (3.51% compared to 2.19%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The annual mortality rate was higher in the group of women (6.7% vs. 5.14%), and survival time was shorter (345.5 ± 0.4 vs. 351.2 ± 0.2 days, <i>p</i> < 0.001). However, the total mortality over a 13-year period of observation did not differ significantly between the groups (30.17% for women vs. 29.6% for men, <i>p</i> = 0.996) with survival time 10.08 ± 0.02 years in men vs. 10.06 ± 0.03 in women, <i>p</i> = 0.996. <b>Conclusions:</b> CABG surgery equalizes the probability of survival between genders. In long-term observation men have a greater survival benefit than women if compared to the predicted survival of the general population. These observations may provide a new perspective on the choice of revascularization strategy in relation to gender.