Positive Psychological Effects of BDSM Practices and Their Implications for Psychological and Psychotherapeutic Work: A Systematic Literature Review

In the context of the frequent stigmatisation of BDSM practices, the aim of this review was to identify potential positive effects of BDSM practices on the psychological functioning of individuals. Additionally, the factors and mechanisms underlying these positive effects will be highlighted to guide improvements in psychological and psychotherapeutic practices. After a systematic review of 181 articles, 9 studies were identified that examined the positive effects of BDSM practices. It was found that these practices positively impact self-awareness, authenticity, and a departure from adult responsibilities. Additionally, they can improve partner relationships by enhancing communication skills, negotiation abilities, and trust. Positive effects are contributed by BDSM practices through physical touch, open communication, and the formation of a community that provides safety and well-being for its members. Furthermore, research reports the possibility of transcendental states of consciousness among participants, which bring positive effects on psychological, emotional, and physical levels.