Civic and citizenship education: essence and meaning in the context of the spiritual and intellectual formation of the individual (taking into account the European experience in Ukraine)

The article states that for successful adaptation in new conditions, a person needs the skills of active citizenship and democratic participation, in particular on the Internet, as well as the skills to act consciously and responsibly not only within a certain community or society, but also in relation to the planet as a whole. It is noted that for their development, it is necessary to expand civic education. It has been established that a unified approach to understanding the purpose and essence of civic education is implemented in the European Union and in Ukraine. In general, it is aimed at: the formation and development of civic competences, the ability of a person to realize and protect the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen, to be responsible for the rights and civic duties, to observe them, to take an active part in public life in order to protect democracy and the rule of law; for each person to realize his personal responsibility for the development of Ukraine, territorial communities, professional and other communities in all spheres of life through conscious and active implementation of his electoral and other rights, actions, conscientious payment of taxes, participation in decision-making at the local and national level. It was revealed that in the EU and in Ukraine, it is legally established that civic education should be implemented at different levels of education, as well as in formal, informal and informal education. It was noted, however, that formal education is of particular importance, primarily general secondary education, during which civic education enables students to acquire knowledge, develop skills, discover values, attitudes, and generally understand the world, including through participatory pedagogy. As a result of the analysis of the State Standards of basic and specialized secondary education, it was established that civic competence is one of the key competences. It is concluded that subjects of the civic and historical educational field have a special potential for the implementation of school civic education, and the basis for the development of an appropriate model of education is the Western / European model ("civic and citizenship education"), which is based on the priority of the formation of civic qualities for the education of social responsibility in every sphere of human activity.