Theoretical foundations of spiritual and intellectual upbringing and teaching

Modern education, working primarily for the future of the country, is designed to ensure national identity and, therefore, the mission of guiding the school's worldview into the bosom of culture, morality, and spirituality. In this context, values are the determinants that not only integrate society but also influence the challenges of globalization facing humanity. The article is devoted to defining the theoretical foundations of spiritual and intellectual upbringing and teaching. Spiritual development is determined by a person's knowledge of the spiritual world, i.e. education, science, art, religion, morality and the elements that make up the spiritual culture of mankind. Spiritual development determines the further growth of a person, supports mental and physical development, and determines the purpose of life. It has been found that spiritual culture creates a special world of values that shape and satisfy our intellectual and emotional needs: basic human values (the value of life, consciousness, action, suffering, power, free will, strength, predictability, and the meaning of life) and all other interrelated moral values Virtues (justice, wisdom, courage, self-control, love of neighbor, loyalty, devotion, kindness, compassion, fidelity and trust, humility and modesty, kindness towards others); specific moral values (love of neighbor, ability to give spiritual wealth to others, personal value, love of the ideal value of others). The main criteria for the development of spiritual values of students are revealed: motivational (focus on spiritual development, attitude to spiritual values, recognition of the importance of spiritual values as determinants of personal behavior); cognitive (knowledge and understanding of spirituality and values, knowledge of the nature and structure of social and personal spiritual values); activity-practical (ability to be guided by spiritual values when assessing one's own behavior and the behavior of others, ability to actively and consciously participate in creative activity). The spiritual development of a person reflects the essence of life, its meaning and purpose. It integrates the best aspects of a person and shapes his or her personality. Values are the condition and basis of education, which is necessary for the formation of a person and society that values morality, ethics and the common good in professional activities and everyday life.