The role of GLP-1 analog drugs in the weight loss process

Introduction: This study is an integrative literature review that addresses the use of medications analogous to the GLP-1 hormone in the treatment of chronic comorbidities, such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and obesity, due to their insulinotropic and weight-loss potential. Objective: The objective is to present and compare data on the therapeutic efficacy of the medications discussed in this review, as well as to highlight side effects and the specificities of each user. Methodology: A bibliographic search was conducted on the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Virtual Health Library (BVS) platforms. Using inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 articles were selected to support this integrative literature review. Results: Among the 14 reviewed articles, despite minor variations in the efficacy percentages in terms of weight loss and reduction of HbA1c, it was concluded that Tirzepatide (10-15 mg) is the most effective analog, compared to Semaglutide (2.4 mg), Liraglutide (3 mg), and Dulaglutide (1.5 mg), with the latter two being the least potent. Final Considerations: This research confirms the functionality of GLP-1 agonist medications in treating obesity and high blood glucose levels, as well as clarifying the possible side effects presented during treatment.