Proportional Integral Derivative-Based Closed-Loop Voltage Mode Control for Addressing Non-Idealities in Ćuk Converters for Renewable Energy Application

The Ćuk converter is extensively utilised across various applications for its capability to handle a wide range of input voltages and efficiently perform both voltage step-up and step-down conversions. However, the presence of parasitic elements, such as inductor winding resistance, capacitor equivalent series resistance (ESR) and losses in switches and diodes, significantly impacts the converter’s performance, stability and efficiency. This paper addresses these challenges by analysing the effects of non-idealities in Ćuk converters operated under closed-loop voltage mode control. A detailed mathematical model of a 12 V to 24 V Ćuk converter is developed to evaluate the influence of parasitic elements and their interactions within the control system. This model provides valuable insights into the complexities introduced by these non-idealities and serves as a foundation for designing more resilient control strategies. To ensure output voltage stability and improved dynamic performance, a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is employed with parameters optimised using the Ziegler-Nichols tuning method. The proposed control strategy is validated through MATLAB ® simulations, showcasing its effectiveness in countering the adverse effects of parasitics. The results indicate a stable operation with a steady-state error of less than 1%, a peak overshoot of 6.31%, a rise time of 6.21 ms and a settling time of 37.4 ms. This work contributes to enhancing closed-loop voltage mode control strategies for non-ideal Ćuk converters, offering practical solutions to improve their reliability and efficiency in real-world applications.