A Machine Learning-Based Approach for Predicting Aerodynamic Coefficients Using Deep Neural Networks and CFD Data

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are increasingly being adopted across various fields, including aerodynamics, exhibiting impressive results in complex computational processes and improving prediction accuracy. This study introduces a novel method for airfoil performance assessment through the development and training of a deep Artificial Neural Network (ANN), used for predicting aerodynamic coefficients and pressure distributions, leveraging comprehensive data obtained by using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver. First, an automated CFD solver was developed for obtaining the extensive dataset needed for the effective training of the ANN. The automation process consisted in the generation of a geometry and a mesh, along with the successful integration of the open-source SU2 solver for conducting the aerodynamic simulations, chosen for its versatility and straightforward integration. Once various airfoil analyses were performed and a comprehensive dataset was obtained, data was normalized and the model was trained. Throughout the training process, several model configurations were tested, varying different architectures, hyperparameters and layer settings, until the best-performing layout was chosen. After broad testing and validation, the optimal configuration was identified as being the one to demonstrate the lowest error rates and the most accurate predictions on both training and unseen data, highlighting the model’s generalization capabilities. This Machine Learning-based approach, used as a substitute for traditional methods, provides remarkable accuracy and robustness, capturing complex behaviors and significantly reducing the computational costs associated with CFD simulations.