UWSNs Deployment Method Based on Sink Node Gravitational Pull and Dynamic Communication Radius

In response to the issues of low actual coverage and poor network connectivity in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) node deployment, and considering the potential hotspot problem that may arise from uniform deployment optimization, this paper proposes a node deployment method based on sink node gravitational pull and dynamic communication radius. Through simulation verification, the proposed method achieves a high coverage rate and minimizes the number of disconnected nodes under conditions with 50, 100, 150, and 200 nodes.