Detecting Small Targets With a Terahertz Radar

This paper explores the application of terahertz radio detection and ranging (radar) systems for the detection and identification of small, low-RCS targets, specifically focusing on unmanned aerial vehicles such as drones. Traditional sensor systems often struggle with such targets due to their low radar cross-sections and the presence of environmental obstructions such as smoke, dust and fog. This study features experimental results from a 130 GHz radar system, which successfully demonstrated centimeter resolution and high-ranging accuracy against realistically low RCS targets. The results showed that current sub-terahertz technology could detect small drones at distances up to 300 m, with the potential to extend this range through longer observation times and higher carrier frequencies. The findings indicate that terahertz radar systems can provide reliable detection of challenging targets in unfavorable environments, filling a crucial technology gap by augmenting or replacing existing inadequate detection technologies.