The Invisible Dangers of Electronic Cigarettes and their Cardiovascular Effects

Objective: To investigate the relationship between electronic cigarettes (ECs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Theoretical Framework: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main preventable causes of death globally, requiring sustainable policies to combat diseases such as AMI. The popularization of ECs increases concerns due to their illicit commercialization and lack of regulation. Method: Literature review using PRISMA, selecting 24 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Results and Discussion: Studies have not shown a clear association between daily use of ECs and cardiovascular events such as AMI. Smoking and hypertension were strongly associated with CVD. EC smokers had a lower risk of AMI than tobacco smokers, but a higher risk compared to non-smokers or ex-smokers. The dichotomy in the studies indicates the need for caution when considering ECs as a safe alternative to smoking. Research Implications: The lack of a clear association between the use of ECs and cardiovascular events highlights the need for further studies and careful interpretation of results. Considering the temporality of events is crucial to assess health risks. Originality/Value: This study highlights the importance of considering the chronology of events when evaluating associations between the use of ECs and health risks. It points to the need for future studies to better understand the impacts of ECs on cardiovascular health.