Energy, Exergy, Entropy, Emission Factors (4E’s) and Sustainability Index analyses of thermal splintering waste paraffin Oil, di-ethyl ether − diesel blends

The study involves using thermal cracking techniques and enhancing fuel quality by incorporating di-ethyl ether, referred to as blended stock solution (BSS). In this work, an investigation was conducted on the Entropy, Energy, Emission Factors, Sustainability Index (SI) analyses, Exergy of BSS-diesel blends and the correlation between BSS-diesel blends and pure diesel. A single cylinder diesel engine running at speed of 1500 rpm was used for this experiment. The engine was tested with various blend ratios, including BSS20, BSS40, BSS60, BSS100, and pure diesel. The findings indicate that BSS60 has the best levels of exergy efficiency and energy, with a value of 30.35 % and 28.50 % respectively, surpassing other blends and pure diesel. The research findings suggest that BSS60 exhibited the lowest level of entropy formation compared to other fuel blends and pure diesel. The BSS60 exhibits the highest level of sustainability index. Emission factors of carbon monoxide (CO), demonstrate lower emission index (EI) and specific emissions (SE) as compared to both pure diesel and its blends. The emissions of NOx have shown a notable increase of 3.37 % in both the EI and SE when compared to pure diesel. The conclusions suggest the BSS60 exhibits superior performance and is suitable for use in direct-injection diesel engines.