Detection of antimicrobial, antioxidant and reactive oxygen species and caspases 3/9 mediated Anticancerous activity of β-Glucan particles derived from Pleurotus ostreatus against cervical cancer cells HeLa

Cancer has been the foremost global cause of death, resulting in over 20 million incidences and 10 million fatalities as per WHO GLOBOCAN 2022 statistics. Cervical cancer ranks 8th among all cancer types, leading an earnest global health burden, and demands innovative therapeutic strategies. While conventional treatments often face limitations, natural bioactive compounds offer potential alternatives. This study delved into the anticancer properties of β-Glucan particles, a polysaccharide derived from the Pleurotus ostreatus ( P. ostreatus ) mushroom. P. ostreatus has recently garnered attention for its myriad health benefits. It was reported that Polysaccharide fraction derived from Oyster mushroom stimulated Immunomodulatory effect against cancer cells which lead to further explore active constituents. One of its fiber constituents, β-Glucan, has been documented to have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, immunogenic, and prebiotic activities without harm. Given its restricted exploration and enigmatic mechanisms, it presents an excellent opportunity for a thorough investigation of its characteristics. Our findings unravel that β-glucan exhibits significant cytotoxic effects against HeLa cervical cancer cells. Mechanistically, β-glucan induces apoptosis through the generation of oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and morphological changes in the nucleus. Moreover, the activation of caspase 3/9, key apoptotic markers, further supports the pro-apoptotic effects of β-glucan. β-glucan exhibits notable antimicrobial activity, underscoring its diverse therapeutic capabilities. The collective findings of this research indicate that P. ostreatus -derived β-Glucan particles presents a compelling opportunity for the advancement of innovative, natural-based anticancer treatments.