Prevalence of Accessory Mandibular Canal Variations Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in the North Gujarat Population: A Retrospective Study

Introduction: The mandibular canal houses the nerve, artery and vein, providing sensory innervation to the lower teeth and tissues. Understanding its variations is essential in dental practice to avoid nerve injuries during anaesthesia and surgeries. Dentists use imaging techniques such as panoramic X-rays and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to visualise the canal, with CBCT offering detailed Three-dimensional images to assist in accurate treatment planning. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mandibular canal variations using CBCT, focusing on their occurrence by side, gender and age group. Materials and Methods: This study included 100 subjects aged 21–60, divided into four age groups of 25 each. CBCT scans were used to assess mandibular canal variations. Data were analysed with the Chi-square test, using a significance threshold of P < 0.05. Results: Out of 100 subjects, 75% had normal mandibular canals and 25% had accessory canals, with a higher prevalence in males, though the difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.10). The accessory canals were more common on the right side and in the 21–30 age group, with males exhibiting more bifid and trifid variations. Conclusion: The prevalence of accessory mandibular canals was seen more in males and on the right side. CBCT seems to be a suitable tool for evaluating bifid and trifid canals.