Problem-solving As Concurrent Processing in a Network of Neural-like Elements

Background Problem-solving is considered a sequential process, when one thought is a prerequisite for the next one. However, most mental processes are parallel. Based on ideas that thinking can be considered processing information in a network of neuron-like elements functioning concurrently, we hypothesized concurrent processing always occurs in problem-solving. We suggest there are individual differences regarding the easiness of the emergence of task-related but supplementary thoughts that can be applied to elucidate how concurrent processing influences problem-solving. Methods A questionnaire on the emergence of supplementary thoughts was designed. It was hypothesized there may be positive correlation coefficients between scores on the questionnaire and scores on problem-solving tasks and the times taken to perform these tasks. Four tasks were used to characterize problem-solving. To study the relationship between concurrent processing and processing speed the simple reaction time task was used. Results Cronbach's alpha for the questionnaire was 0.705. Eight of ten correlation coefficients between scores on the questionnaire and the variables derived from the problem-solving tasks were significant. A partial correlation between scores on the questionnaire and reaction times was insignificant. There was a positive correlation between scores on the questionnaire and age. Thus, unlike other characteristics associated with flexibility in thinking, concurrent processing is not deteriorated with age. Conclusion Our results demonstrate concurrent processing exists and influences problem-solving. Concurrent processing and processing speed are based on distinctive mechanisms. An explanation for the fact that concurrent processing is not worsened with age is suggested.