Advanced soil improvement methods using DSM and stone columns for reducing settlement in logistics facilities considering construction stages

Abstract The construction of large-scale logistics facilities often encounters geotechnical challenges, particularly when poor soil conditions threaten the stability and integrity of the structure. This paper investigates advanced soil improvement methods, specifically Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) and stone columns, as solutions for reducing settlement in logistics facilities. The case study focuses on a warehouse and logistics base in the Sofia region of Bulgaria, where a precast reinforced concrete superstructure will cover an area of 66,440 m². Approximately 17,000 m² of the site is underlain by silty clay with poor mechanical properties to a depth of twelve meters, necessitating effective soil stabilization. A detailed analytical solution was performed, considering the history of applying loads and construction phases. By accounting for settlement mobilized during construction and subsequent application of variable loads, this approach avoids over-conservative results typical of applying all loads simultaneously. This study presents a comparative analysis of DSM and stone columns, evaluating their implementation and performance in enhancing soil strength and reducing settlement. The findings demonstrate that both methods significantly improve soil conditions, ensuring the long-term stability and functionality of the logistics facility. This research contributes valuable insights into geotechnical engineering practices for similar large-scale infrastructure projects.