Underwater photogrammetry

Abstract The paper presents the nature and principles of underwater photogrammetry, the features of the environment, and the means and methods for data capture and processing. It discusses the current state of underwater photogrammetry and presents an overview of its applications. The aim is to introduce divers, researchers, and other specialists to the possibilities offered by underwater photogrammetry. The paper presents a comprehensive overview of the methodology from data acquisition to the generation of a three-dimensional digital model. The paper can also help recreational divers to broaden their professional interests and subsequently retrain and start providing data for use by geologists, biologists, engineers, ecologists, and other specialists. Similarly, it can also help professional divers and diving instructors to expand their knowledge so that they can carry out activities related to tracing and monitoring underwater infrastructure. Finally, diving associations can benefit from this paper if they use it to promoting underwater photogrammetry and its applications.