Integration of Frequency-Selective Surfaces as Smart Skins in Building Envelopes and Divisions: Insulation and Energy Issues

Frequency-Selective Surfaces (FSSs) are structures that act as frequency-dependent electromagnetic filters, enabling innovative designs for energy-efficient building envelopes. This paper explores their potential for energy harvesting and integration into construction materials, offering insights into design strategies, performance analysis, and potential applications of FSS sin future architectural projects. A range of FSS designs are presented and systematically classified based on their performance and adaptability for building integration. This includes their use as part of traditional construction elements or as independent components of building walls. Critical issues such as the limitations, challenges, and durability of FSSs in real-world applications are also examined to provide a comprehensive view of their practical feasibility. Additionally, incorporating the electromagnetic properties of these materials into Building Information Modelling (BIM) systems is recommended. Doing so will enable architects and engineers to better utilize the novel opportunities that FSSs offer, fostering more innovative, energy-efficient building envelopes. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into how FSSs can transform the future of sustainable architecture and energy management in buildings.