The Privileges of Medieval Universities in Europe

Medieval universities are one of the legacies of the European Middle Ages that have lasted for more than a thousand years, and they enjoy many privileges, including civil rights such as the right of safe residence, independent judicial rights, tax exemption and exemption from servitude, and academic privileges such as the right to strike and relocate, and the issuance of teaching licenses. These privileges were obtained on the one hand because of the special status of the university and its teachers, and on the other hand, by the university taking advantage of the special relationship between the king and the pope. With the establishment of the nation-state, some of the privileges granted to medieval universities were either revoked by those in power or intervened by those in power and gradually declined.