Studies on amaranthus cruentus's ethanolic herbal extract's antianemic properties against rats' phenylhydrazine-induced anemia

Blood is an essential fluid that sustains life, self-possessed of plasma, erythroid cells , leukocyte cells ,and platelets, each performing crucial physiological functions. RBCs, containing hemoglobin, are vital for oxygen transport, while WBCs defend against infections, and platelets facilitate clotting. Anemia, a condition characterized by decreased hemoglobin levels or RBCs, impairs oxygen delivery and can arise from various causes, including nutritional deficiencies and genetic disorders. This study investigates the antianemic properties of Amaranthus cruentus, commonly known as blood amaranth, using a phenylhydrazine-induced rat model of anemia. The plant, rich in nutrients and traditionally used for its health benefits, was subjected to Soxhlet extraction with ethanol, yielding a 14% extract. Anemia was induce in albino rats through ip route by using phenylhydrazine injections (40 mg/kg) over two repeated days. Parameter such as RBC count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and hematocrit (HCT) levels were monitored alongside histopathological analyses of key organs. Results demonstrated that Amaranthus cruentus extract significantly improved RBC count, Hb levels, and HCT values compare to the anemic control group, suggesting its potential to mitigate oxidative stress-induced hemolysis. The extract’s rich phytochemical profile, including flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds, likely contributes to its antioxidant activity and therapeutic efficacy against anemia. Furthermore, the presence of iron in the extract supports its application in treating iron-deficiency anemia. This research highlights the promising antianemic effects of Amaranthus cruentus, suggesting its potential as a natural remedy for anemia and reinforcing its significance in both nutritional and medicinal contexts.