Realist or Utopian Pacifist?

This study offers an in-depth exploration of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s philosophy of international relations, an under-researched but crucial aspect of his political thought. We strongly argue that Rousseau understood the transformation of individuals into morally mature subjects as a process intimately intertwined with the development of a political community. According to Rousseau, this intricate connection cannot be fully grasped without considering the international society of states. The paper unpacks Rousseau’s contemplations on the dynamics of war, the mechanisms of peace, and the unique attributes of states. It provides an articulate argument that Rousseau does not adhere strictly to the doctrines of political realism or utopian pacifism. Rather, Rousseau carves out a nuanced viewpoint that transcends these conventional categorizations, offering a more complex and multifaceted understanding of the interconnectedness between domestic and international politics. In doing so, the paper’s analysis unveils a more thorough comprehension of Rousseau’s political philosophy, its roots, and its implications. It emphasizes his recognition of the internal and external forces influencing state behavior and his forward-looking ideas about international relations that anticipated later developments in the field. By emphasizing his enduring relevance, this study positions Rousseau as a pivotal figure whose ideas continue to resonate in contemporary debates surrounding international relations, contributing to our understanding of global politics.