Efficiency Analysis of Shipping, Aviation, Land Transport, and Railway Industries Using DEA-Malmquist : Focusing on Supply Chain Risks

This study conducts a DEA-CCR/BCC and DEA-Malmquist analysis on the primary logistics networks of the maritime, aviation, land transportation, and rail industries over the past decade. The research aims to evaluate the impact of global supply chain risks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S.-China trade war, the Russia-Ukraine war, and the Suez Canal blockage, on the efficiency of the logistics industry. In a context where the importance of supply chain stability is increasing, the study seeks to identify changes in efficiency across industries and propose strategies for improvement. The analysis shows that the overall efficiency of the domestic logistics industry has improved; however, volatility increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2019-2021) across all sectors. In particular, the maritime and aviation industries, which are highly influenced by the global economy, experienced a decline in the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) due to events such as Brexit (2016-2017), the U.S.-China trade war (2017-2018), the Suez Canal blockage (2021), and the Russia-Ukraine war (2022). In contrast, the land transportation and rail industries, which focus on the domestic market, showed relatively lower volatility. These findings highlight the need to identify external risks and develop strategies to enhance the competitiveness of the domestic logistics industry. Moreover, adopting digital transformation and automation can maximize technical efficiency, while building environmentally friendly logistics systems is essential for sustainable development. Tailored strategies for each industry are crucial to mitigate risks across both domestic and international markets. Additionally, modernizing logistics infrastructure will be a key priority moving forward.