Walters B’ hybrid nanofluid flow with Marangoni convection

The proposed investigation is based on the applications of Walters B' viscoelastic model for the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection of hybridised fluid flow over a vertically expanding surface embedding in porous substances. The traditional base fluid water is comprised of Al 2 O 3 and Cu nanoparticles for the preparation of hybrid nanofluid and the system is analyzed under the influence of Marangoni surface constraints. Further, the influence of radiating heat, Joule and Darcy dissipation along with non-uniform heat source energies the transport phenomena. These assumptions are particularly relevant in advanced cooling systems, energy-efficient devices, material processing, etc. For the memory effects in polymer-based fluid, the Walters B' viscoelastic model is applied to examine the non-Newtonian behavior of the hybrid nanofluid. The porous medium enhances the permeability of the fluid while the magnetic field regulates fluid motion and is useful in magnetic drug targeting and geothermal energy extraction. The standard conservation equations are transmuted into an ordinary set of equations implementing similarity functions and then a numerical approach is implemented for the solution. In particular case exact solution for the momentum profile is obtained and compared with earlier investigation. The impact of distinct factors affecting the heat transfer rate is presented graphically and described briefly. The findings demonstrate that incorporating composite nanoparticles greatly improves thermal performance, with Marangoni convection and dissipation playing key roles in the heat transfer process. Moreover, the heat transport rate enhances for the inclusion of the thermal radiation.