Kama-taguste udmurtide kevadise suure päeva (bõddzh’õnal) kombetalituse laulufolkloor

The article is dedicated to the analysis of musical motifs performed by Eastern Udmurts within the framework of the spring ritual complex Bydzhynnal (The Great Day). The relevance of this study is justified by the limited exploration of the musical folklore of this local group. The primary sources for the analysis include field materials collected during the period from 2016 to 2023, as well as materials from the Scientific Archive of the Institute of Udmurt Philology, Ethnography, and Arts of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, along with expedition records by Udmurt ethnographer Ranus Sadikov. The research methodology is based on philological and musicological approaches, involving a plot-thematic analysis of poetic texts and the identification of features in the development of melodies in the context of their modal, rhythmic, and melodic characteristics. The results of the analysis indicate the diversity of motifs used in the examined tunes. The identified anhemitonic tonal systems suggest similarities between the calendar musical compositions of Eastern Udmurts and the musical tradition of Southern and Western Udmurts. The rhythmic structures are presented in two main types. The presence of melisma in the melodies has also been identified, which is explained by the influence of Turkic culture.