Challenges and Safety Considerations in the Transportation of Dangerous Goods through Tunnels

Abstract This article explores the transportation of dangerous goods (DG) through tunnels, emphasising the associated challenges and safety considerations within this crucial infrastructure. It provides a detailed analysis of statistical data on DG transportation, specifically focusing on industrial hazardous substances in liquid or gaseous forms that can cause severe damage in underground environments, even in the absence of fire or explosion. By reviewing past incidents involving dangerous agents and critically evaluating current research, the article identifies significant gaps in safety protocols and emergency response strategies. It highlights the urgent need for comprehensive research to enhance safety standards and improve resilience in tunnel environments.