Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Selected Contaminant Dyes from Textile Sewage Discharge and Electrochemical Efficiency using Citrus limetta Mediated ZnO Nanopellets

T his study focuses on the phyto mediated synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using Citrus limetta extract and evaluates their antimicrobial, photocatalytic, and electrochemical properties. Structural analysis by XRD confirmed good nano crystallinity with an average crystallite size of 16.29 nm and the band gap of 3.2–3.33 eV indicated semiconductor behavior. FTIR analysis revealed Zn-O bonds and functional groups. TEM showed a particle size distribution of 20-50 nm. ZnO-NPs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Vibrio cholerae, suggesting potential for cholera resistance. They also exhibited excellent performance as electrode materials with a specific capacitance of 200.16 F/g and effective photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and Congo red dyes.