The influence of middle-aged and older adults’ social capital and education on physical function: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

The findings underscore the importance of social participation, reciprocity, and education in enhancing physical function among middle-aged and older adults. Tailored interventions addressing gender and residential differences are essential to meet the unique needs of various subgroups. Understanding the relationship between social capital, education, and health can inform strategies to improve this population's well-being.