Validation of Magnesium Oxide Additive Effects on Diesel Engine Performance Through Crystal Structure and Thermal Stability Analyses

ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles on combustion performance and emissions in diesel engines. MgO's well‐ordered crystal structure, high thermal stability, and oxygen‐carrying capacity positively influence engine performance. The effects of 50 and 100 mg/L MgO concentrations were compared, showing up to a 5% improvement in brake thermal efficiency at 100 mg/L. Additionally, reductions of 8% in CO and 10% in HC emissions were achieved. MgO's crystal structure contributed to higher combustion temperatures, leading to lower harmful emissions. However, an increase in NO x emissions was observed, indicating the need for careful balancing between performance improvements and emission control. These results highlight MgO as an efficient and environmentally friendly fuel additive.