Soberanía alimentaria como camino de resistencia al enfoque de la seguridad alimentaria

This essay contributes to the debate on understanding food sovereignty and food security approaches as pathways to guarantee the human right to food. Based on the review of secondary sources of analysis carried out from the critical political economy on food regimes, the author demonstrates how food security arises in the context of the search for strategies to ensure worldwide food availability and hunger eradication, primarily through food aid programs. To achieve this purpose, an industrialized production model has been promoted that has led to consider food as a commodity and organizes the world in a way that favors the dispossession of land, knowledge, and cultures, benefiting a few social sectors interested in consolidating their dominant hegemonic power and the accumulation of capital. In response to this approach, the concept of food sovereignty emerges from the resistance of peasant social movements, rooted in an ontological and epistemological framework different from food security that implies a different praxis where emancipatory agroecologies are fundamental. Food sovereignty advocates for the people’s right to control and define their food systems, in addition to recognizing women’s fundamental role as producers and caretakers of life.