Combined Impacts of Thermal and Mass Stratification on Unsteady MHD Parabolic Flow Along an Infinite Vertical Plate With Periodic Temperature Variation and Variable Mass Diffusion

ABSTRACT This study investigates the dynamics of unsteady MHD parabolic flow along an infinite vertical plate, with a focus on the impacts of thermal and mass stratification under periodic temperature variations and variable mass diffusion. Utilizing the Laplace transform technique for deriving exact solutions, this research innovatively integrates both thermal and mass stratification effects without resorting to approximations. The main objective is to assess how these stratifications influence flow dynamics, temperature, and concentration profiles in environments with varying magnetic fields. The study contrasts these findings against classical non‐stratification cases, offering a detailed comparison of fluid behavior under different conditions. Results indicate that thermal and mass stratifications substantially decrease velocity and stabilize temperature profiles, pointing to a damping effect on fluid motion while also controlling diffusion processes. These stratifications lead to higher Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, suggesting improved heat and mass transfer efficiencies. In contrast, the absence of stratification results in higher velocities and less stable temperature and concentration distributions. The findings underscore the significant role of stratification in optimizing fluid dynamics and enhancing the efficiency of heat and mass transfer processes, providing crucial insights for engineering and environmental applications where such conditions prevail.